2012年10月7日
2012年9月29日
2012年8月18日
愛麗絲夢遊仙境讀會（三）
英文翻譯先貼出來，稍後再補上說明。
Alice was not a bit hurt, and she jumped up on to her feet in a moment: she looked up, but it was all dark overhead: before her was another long passage, and the White Rabbit was still in sight, hurrying down it. There was not a moment to be lost: away went Alice like the wind, and was just in time to hear it say, as it turned a corner, “Oh my ears and whiskers, how late it’s getting!” She was close behind it when she turned the corner, but the Rabbit was no longer to be seen: she found herself in a long, low hall, which was lit up by a row of lamps hanging from the roof.
愛麗絲一點也沒摔痛，而且馬上就跳了起來站的好好的。她抬頭看，是黑壓壓的一片；而他的前面是一條長長的通道，而那隻兔子還沒離開她的視線，正急急忙忙的往前跑。這個機會可不能再錯過了啊；愛麗絲拔腿就飛奔追了過去。此時兔子正經過一個轉角，並說著：「噢我的鬍子和我的耳朵都還沒整理呢，都那麼遲了！」可是兔子轉彎的時候愛麗絲還跟在後面呢，結果一過了彎兔子就不見了。她發現自己走在一條又長又低矮的大廳裡，大廳的頂上掛著一長排的燈，把玄關照的好亮。
There were doors all round the hall, but they were all locked; and when Alice had been all the way down one side and up the other, trying every door, she walked sadly down the middle, wondering how she was ever to get out again.
而大廳的的四周安滿了門，可是每個門都是上鎖的。愛麗絲這裡推推看，那裡拉拉看，可是沒有一個門打的開，於是他愁眉苦臉的走到了大廳中央，想著應該怎麼出去才好。
Suddenly she came upon a little three-legged table, all made of solid glass: there was nothing on it except a tiny golden key, and Alice’s first thought was that this might belong to one of the doors of the hall; but, alas! either the locks were too large, or the key was too small, but at any rate it would not open any of them. However, on the second time round, she came upon a low curtain she had not noticed before, and behind it was a little door about fifteen inches high: she tried the little golden key in the lock, and to her great delight it fitted!
忽然她看見一個全用玻璃做成的三隻腳的小桌子，桌上只有一把小小的金色鑰匙。愛麗絲立刻就想到這應該是可以打開這個大廳的其中一個門的鑰匙，可是，怎麼會這樣呢，不然就是門鎖的孔太大，不然就是鑰匙太小了，無論如何就是打不開門。她把大廳的門每一個都試了一遍，就在他想要試第二次的時候，她發現了一個之前沒注意到的小布簾，把布廉拉開，後面正好有個只有15吋高（大約38cm）的小門；她試著用她的小小金鑰匙去開，結果剛剛好！
Alice opened the door and found that it led into a small passage, not much larger than a rat-hole: she knelt down and looked along the passage into the loveliest garden you ever saw. How she longed to get out of that dark hall, and wander about among those beds of bright flowers and those cool fountains, but she could not even get her head though the doorway; “and even if my head would go through,” thought poor Alice, “it would be of very little use without my shoulders. Oh, how I wish I could shut up like a telescope! I think I could, if I only know how to begin.” For, you see, so many out-of-the-way things had happened lately, that Alice had begun to think that very few things indeed were really impossible.
愛麗絲打開了門，發現又是連接到一條小小的通道，而這個小通道並沒有比老鼠洞大多少。她跪下來啪在這個洞前面並且從這個洞望出去，看到了一個非常可愛的花園。她多麼想從這個爛大廳出去，到那個有清涼的噴水池和美麗的花朵的花園裡去玩，可是那個像老鼠洞一樣的通道連頭都鑽不進去。「就算頭能過去好了，」可憐的愛麗絲心想：「那肩膀過不去也沒用啊。唉，我多希望可以像望遠鏡一樣變小啊。如果我知道該怎麼做的話。」(你看看，這麼多不可思議的事情接踵而來，愛麗絲已經開始認為世界上沒有什麼不可能的事情了。）
There seemed to be no use in waiting by the little door, so she went back to the table, half hoping she might find another key on it, or at any rate a book of rules for shutting people up like telescopes: this time she found a little bottle on it (“which certainly was not here before,” said Alice), and tied round the neck of the bottle was a paper label, with the words “DRINK ME” beautifully printed on it in large letters.
在這個小門前面待著似乎也沒什麼幫助，所以他又回到了玻璃桌子旁邊，想碰碰運氣會不會再找到另外一把鑰匙，或者一本教導把人像望遠鏡一樣縮小的方法的書。而這次他在桌上發現了一個小瓶子 （「他剛才一定沒有在這裡」愛麗絲說。），瓶口上繫著一張小紙條，上頭用很漂亮的字寫著：「喝我」。
It was all very well to say “Drink me,” but the wise little Alice was not going to do that in a hurry. “No, I’ll look first,” she said, “and see whether it’s marked ‘poison’ or not”; for she had read several nice little stories about children who had got burnt, and eaten up by wild beasts, and other unpleasant things, all because they would not remember the simple rules their friends had taught them: such as, that a red-hot poker will burn you if you hold it too long; and that, if you cut your finger verydeeply with a knife, it usually bleeds; and she had never forgotten that, if you drink much from a bottle marked “poison,” it is almost certain to disagree with you, sooner or later.
說「喝我」實在是一件很不錯的事情，可是聰明的愛麗絲並沒有馬上就照著做了。「不對，我要先檢查一下。」他說「我要看看它是不是寫著『毒藥』。」愛麗絲曾經聽過一些很精采的小故事，那是關於小朋友們被火燒了，被野獸吃掉了，以及其他的很不幸的故事，那些都是因為他們沒有記住他們的朋友所教他的一些規定，比方說，燒紅的火鉗握的太久就會把手燙傷，以及，刀子把手指頭切的太深的話就會流血。而且呢，愛麗絲絕對不會忘記一件事：如果你喝了很多上頭寫著「毒藥」的東西，那早晚要升天的。
However, this bottle was not marked “poison,” so Alice ventured to taste it, and, finding it very nice (it had, in fact, a sort of mixed flavour of cherry-tart, custard, pine-apple, roast turkey, toffy, and hot buttered toast), she very soon finished it off.
不過呢，這個瓶子並沒有寫著「毒藥」，所以愛麗絲就大膽的喝下去了，她還發現這還非常的美味呢。（正確的說呢，它混合著櫻桃餡餅，奶油蛋糕、鳳梨、烤火雞和牛奶糖的味道）很快的愛麗絲就把它全喝光了。
"What a curious feeling!” said Alice. “I must be shutting up like a telescope!”
「好奇怪的感覺啊！」愛麗絲說「我一定會像望遠鏡那樣縮小了！」
And so it was indeed: she was now only ten inches high, and her face brightened up at the thought that she was now the right size for going though the little door into that lovely garden. First, however, she waited for a few minutes to see if she was going to shrink any further: she felt a little nervous about this; “for it might end, you know,” said Alice to herself, “in my going out altogether, like a candle. I wonder what I should be like then?” And she tried to fancy what the flame of a candle looks like after the candle is blown out, for she could not remember ever having seen such a thing.
正如愛麗絲所願：她變得只有10吋高，她的大小剛剛好可以穿過小門然後到那個可愛的花園去，一想到這她就眉飛色舞了起來。不過他先等了幾分鐘，看看自己會不會再縮小下去，因為這樣她緊張了起來「一直下去會變得怎麼樣呢？」愛麗絲自言自語的說「是不是和燒蠟燭一樣的下場？」愛麗絲試著想像蠟燭的火焰熄滅之後還有什麼，可是他想不起來在那之後還會有什麼東西。
After a while, finding that nothing more happened, she decided on going into the garden at once; but, alas for poor Alice! when she got to the door, she found she had forgotten the little golden key, and when she went back to the table for it, she found she could not possibly reach it: she could see it quite plainly through the glass, and she tried her best to climb up one of the legs of the table, but it was too slippery; and when she had tired herself out with trying, the poor little thing sat down and cried.
過了一會兒，她沒有再發生什麼事了，她立刻就決定要去那個花園。可是愛麗絲可真倒楣！正當她要去開門的時候，才發現他把鑰匙忘在桌上了。就在他想回去拿桌上的鑰匙的時候，她發現她碰不著鑰匙：他可以透過玻璃的桌子清楚的看見鑰匙，然後他奮力的想要從桌腳爬到桌面上，可是桌腳實在是太滑了，她一次又一次的從上面滾下來，可憐的小東西終於筋疲力疾的坐在地上大哭了起來。
“Come, there’s no use in crying like that!” said Alice to herself rather sharply. “I advise you to leave off this minute!” She generally gave herself very good advice (though she very seldom followed it), and sometimes she scolded herself so severely as to bring tears into her eyes; and once she remembered trying to box her own ears for having cheated herself in a game of croquet she was playing against herself, for this curious child was very fond of pretending to be two people. “But it’s no use now,” thought poor Alice, “to pretend to be two people! Why, there's hardly enough of me left to make one respectable person!”
「起來！這樣不行喔！這樣哭一點也不像妳！」愛麗絲嚴厲的說「我命令妳一分鐘之內不可以哭了！」她常常給自己下命令（雖然她很少照辦），不過有時候罵的太兇，還把自己罵哭了。有一次她跟自己玩槌球比賽的時候作弊，她還打了他自己一個耳光。這個小女孩挺怪的，喜歡一個人扮演兩個人玩。「可是現在不能這樣玩了」可憐的愛麗絲想著「要扮演兩個人？不行，我現在小到連裝一個像樣的人都有困難了！」
Soon her eye fell on a little glass box that was lying under the table: she opened it, and found in it a very small cake, on which the words “EAT ME” were beautifully marked in currants. “Well, I’ll eat it,” said Alice, “and if it makes me grow larger, I can reach the key; and if it makes me grow smaller, I can creep under the door: so either way I’ll get into the garden, and I don’t care which happens!”
很快的，她又看到在桌子下面有個玻璃小盒子，她把盒子打開，發現裡面有個小蛋糕，上頭用葡萄乾排著「吃我」兩個漂亮的字。「很好，那就吃吧。」愛麗絲說「如果能讓我變大的話，那就可以拿到鑰匙了；如果又讓我變得更小的話，那我也可以從門縫下面鑽過去。只要能夠到那個花園的話，變得怎麼樣都無所謂！」
She ate a little bit, and said anxiously to herself “Which way? Which way?”, holding her hand on the top of her head to feel which way it was growing; and she was quite surprised to find that she remained the same size. To be sure, this is what generally happens when one eats cake; but Alice had got so much into the way of expecting nothing but out-of-the-way things to happen, that it seemed quite dull and stupid for life to go on in the common way.
她吃了一小口，就很緊張的自問自答了「是哪一種呢？變大還是變小呢？」她摸著自己的頭，看看是往上長還是往小縮了，卻意外的發現一點也沒有改變。一般來說，人們吃了蛋糕本來就不會有什麼變化的，可是因為愛麗絲太過期待一些稀奇古怪的事情發生，所以正常的事情反而變得無趣又愚蠢了。
So she set to work, and very soon finished off the cake.
所以為了看看到底會怎麼樣，愛麗絲很快的就把蛋糕整個吃完了。
Alice was not a bit hurt, and she jumped up on to her feet in a moment: she looked up, but it was all dark overhead: before her was another long passage, and the White Rabbit was still in sight, hurrying down it. There was not a moment to be lost: away went Alice like the wind, and was just in time to hear it say, as it turned a corner, “Oh my ears and whiskers, how late it’s getting!” She was close behind it when she turned the corner, but the Rabbit was no longer to be seen: she found herself in a long, low hall, which was lit up by a row of lamps hanging from the roof.
愛麗絲一點也沒摔痛，而且馬上就跳了起來站的好好的。她抬頭看，是黑壓壓的一片；而他的前面是一條長長的通道，而那隻兔子還沒離開她的視線，正急急忙忙的往前跑。這個機會可不能再錯過了啊；愛麗絲拔腿就飛奔追了過去。此時兔子正經過一個轉角，並說著：「噢我的鬍子和我的耳朵都還沒整理呢，都那麼遲了！」可是兔子轉彎的時候愛麗絲還跟在後面呢，結果一過了彎兔子就不見了。她發現自己走在一條又長又低矮的大廳裡，大廳的頂上掛著一長排的燈，把玄關照的好亮。
There were doors all round the hall, but they were all locked; and when Alice had been all the way down one side and up the other, trying every door, she walked sadly down the middle, wondering how she was ever to get out again.
而大廳的的四周安滿了門，可是每個門都是上鎖的。愛麗絲這裡推推看，那裡拉拉看，可是沒有一個門打的開，於是他愁眉苦臉的走到了大廳中央，想著應該怎麼出去才好。
Suddenly she came upon a little three-legged table, all made of solid glass: there was nothing on it except a tiny golden key, and Alice’s first thought was that this might belong to one of the doors of the hall; but, alas! either the locks were too large, or the key was too small, but at any rate it would not open any of them. However, on the second time round, she came upon a low curtain she had not noticed before, and behind it was a little door about fifteen inches high: she tried the little golden key in the lock, and to her great delight it fitted!
忽然她看見一個全用玻璃做成的三隻腳的小桌子，桌上只有一把小小的金色鑰匙。愛麗絲立刻就想到這應該是可以打開這個大廳的其中一個門的鑰匙，可是，怎麼會這樣呢，不然就是門鎖的孔太大，不然就是鑰匙太小了，無論如何就是打不開門。她把大廳的門每一個都試了一遍，就在他想要試第二次的時候，她發現了一個之前沒注意到的小布簾，把布廉拉開，後面正好有個只有15吋高（大約38cm）的小門；她試著用她的小小金鑰匙去開，結果剛剛好！
Alice opened the door and found that it led into a small passage, not much larger than a rat-hole: she knelt down and looked along the passage into the loveliest garden you ever saw. How she longed to get out of that dark hall, and wander about among those beds of bright flowers and those cool fountains, but she could not even get her head though the doorway; “and even if my head would go through,” thought poor Alice, “it would be of very little use without my shoulders. Oh, how I wish I could shut up like a telescope! I think I could, if I only know how to begin.” For, you see, so many out-of-the-way things had happened lately, that Alice had begun to think that very few things indeed were really impossible.
愛麗絲打開了門，發現又是連接到一條小小的通道，而這個小通道並沒有比老鼠洞大多少。她跪下來啪在這個洞前面並且從這個洞望出去，看到了一個非常可愛的花園。她多麼想從這個爛大廳出去，到那個有清涼的噴水池和美麗的花朵的花園裡去玩，可是那個像老鼠洞一樣的通道連頭都鑽不進去。「就算頭能過去好了，」可憐的愛麗絲心想：「那肩膀過不去也沒用啊。唉，我多希望可以像望遠鏡一樣變小啊。如果我知道該怎麼做的話。」(你看看，這麼多不可思議的事情接踵而來，愛麗絲已經開始認為世界上沒有什麼不可能的事情了。）
There seemed to be no use in waiting by the little door, so she went back to the table, half hoping she might find another key on it, or at any rate a book of rules for shutting people up like telescopes: this time she found a little bottle on it (“which certainly was not here before,” said Alice), and tied round the neck of the bottle was a paper label, with the words “DRINK ME” beautifully printed on it in large letters.
在這個小門前面待著似乎也沒什麼幫助，所以他又回到了玻璃桌子旁邊，想碰碰運氣會不會再找到另外一把鑰匙，或者一本教導把人像望遠鏡一樣縮小的方法的書。而這次他在桌上發現了一個小瓶子 （「他剛才一定沒有在這裡」愛麗絲說。），瓶口上繫著一張小紙條，上頭用很漂亮的字寫著：「喝我」。
It was all very well to say “Drink me,” but the wise little Alice was not going to do that in a hurry. “No, I’ll look first,” she said, “and see whether it’s marked ‘poison’ or not”; for she had read several nice little stories about children who had got burnt, and eaten up by wild beasts, and other unpleasant things, all because they would not remember the simple rules their friends had taught them: such as, that a red-hot poker will burn you if you hold it too long; and that, if you cut your finger verydeeply with a knife, it usually bleeds; and she had never forgotten that, if you drink much from a bottle marked “poison,” it is almost certain to disagree with you, sooner or later.
說「喝我」實在是一件很不錯的事情，可是聰明的愛麗絲並沒有馬上就照著做了。「不對，我要先檢查一下。」他說「我要看看它是不是寫著『毒藥』。」愛麗絲曾經聽過一些很精采的小故事，那是關於小朋友們被火燒了，被野獸吃掉了，以及其他的很不幸的故事，那些都是因為他們沒有記住他們的朋友所教他的一些規定，比方說，燒紅的火鉗握的太久就會把手燙傷，以及，刀子把手指頭切的太深的話就會流血。而且呢，愛麗絲絕對不會忘記一件事：如果你喝了很多上頭寫著「毒藥」的東西，那早晚要升天的。
However, this bottle was not marked “poison,” so Alice ventured to taste it, and, finding it very nice (it had, in fact, a sort of mixed flavour of cherry-tart, custard, pine-apple, roast turkey, toffy, and hot buttered toast), she very soon finished it off.
不過呢，這個瓶子並沒有寫著「毒藥」，所以愛麗絲就大膽的喝下去了，她還發現這還非常的美味呢。（正確的說呢，它混合著櫻桃餡餅，奶油蛋糕、鳳梨、烤火雞和牛奶糖的味道）很快的愛麗絲就把它全喝光了。
"What a curious feeling!” said Alice. “I must be shutting up like a telescope!”
「好奇怪的感覺啊！」愛麗絲說「我一定會像望遠鏡那樣縮小了！」
And so it was indeed: she was now only ten inches high, and her face brightened up at the thought that she was now the right size for going though the little door into that lovely garden. First, however, she waited for a few minutes to see if she was going to shrink any further: she felt a little nervous about this; “for it might end, you know,” said Alice to herself, “in my going out altogether, like a candle. I wonder what I should be like then?” And she tried to fancy what the flame of a candle looks like after the candle is blown out, for she could not remember ever having seen such a thing.
正如愛麗絲所願：她變得只有10吋高，她的大小剛剛好可以穿過小門然後到那個可愛的花園去，一想到這她就眉飛色舞了起來。不過他先等了幾分鐘，看看自己會不會再縮小下去，因為這樣她緊張了起來「一直下去會變得怎麼樣呢？」愛麗絲自言自語的說「是不是和燒蠟燭一樣的下場？」愛麗絲試著想像蠟燭的火焰熄滅之後還有什麼，可是他想不起來在那之後還會有什麼東西。
After a while, finding that nothing more happened, she decided on going into the garden at once; but, alas for poor Alice! when she got to the door, she found she had forgotten the little golden key, and when she went back to the table for it, she found she could not possibly reach it: she could see it quite plainly through the glass, and she tried her best to climb up one of the legs of the table, but it was too slippery; and when she had tired herself out with trying, the poor little thing sat down and cried.
過了一會兒，她沒有再發生什麼事了，她立刻就決定要去那個花園。可是愛麗絲可真倒楣！正當她要去開門的時候，才發現他把鑰匙忘在桌上了。就在他想回去拿桌上的鑰匙的時候，她發現她碰不著鑰匙：他可以透過玻璃的桌子清楚的看見鑰匙，然後他奮力的想要從桌腳爬到桌面上，可是桌腳實在是太滑了，她一次又一次的從上面滾下來，可憐的小東西終於筋疲力疾的坐在地上大哭了起來。
“Come, there’s no use in crying like that!” said Alice to herself rather sharply. “I advise you to leave off this minute!” She generally gave herself very good advice (though she very seldom followed it), and sometimes she scolded herself so severely as to bring tears into her eyes; and once she remembered trying to box her own ears for having cheated herself in a game of croquet she was playing against herself, for this curious child was very fond of pretending to be two people. “But it’s no use now,” thought poor Alice, “to pretend to be two people! Why, there's hardly enough of me left to make one respectable person!”
「起來！這樣不行喔！這樣哭一點也不像妳！」愛麗絲嚴厲的說「我命令妳一分鐘之內不可以哭了！」她常常給自己下命令（雖然她很少照辦），不過有時候罵的太兇，還把自己罵哭了。有一次她跟自己玩槌球比賽的時候作弊，她還打了他自己一個耳光。這個小女孩挺怪的，喜歡一個人扮演兩個人玩。「可是現在不能這樣玩了」可憐的愛麗絲想著「要扮演兩個人？不行，我現在小到連裝一個像樣的人都有困難了！」
Soon her eye fell on a little glass box that was lying under the table: she opened it, and found in it a very small cake, on which the words “EAT ME” were beautifully marked in currants. “Well, I’ll eat it,” said Alice, “and if it makes me grow larger, I can reach the key; and if it makes me grow smaller, I can creep under the door: so either way I’ll get into the garden, and I don’t care which happens!”
很快的，她又看到在桌子下面有個玻璃小盒子，她把盒子打開，發現裡面有個小蛋糕，上頭用葡萄乾排著「吃我」兩個漂亮的字。「很好，那就吃吧。」愛麗絲說「如果能讓我變大的話，那就可以拿到鑰匙了；如果又讓我變得更小的話，那我也可以從門縫下面鑽過去。只要能夠到那個花園的話，變得怎麼樣都無所謂！」
She ate a little bit, and said anxiously to herself “Which way? Which way?”, holding her hand on the top of her head to feel which way it was growing; and she was quite surprised to find that she remained the same size. To be sure, this is what generally happens when one eats cake; but Alice had got so much into the way of expecting nothing but out-of-the-way things to happen, that it seemed quite dull and stupid for life to go on in the common way.
她吃了一小口，就很緊張的自問自答了「是哪一種呢？變大還是變小呢？」她摸著自己的頭，看看是往上長還是往小縮了，卻意外的發現一點也沒有改變。一般來說，人們吃了蛋糕本來就不會有什麼變化的，可是因為愛麗絲太過期待一些稀奇古怪的事情發生，所以正常的事情反而變得無趣又愚蠢了。
So she set to work, and very soon finished off the cake.
所以為了看看到底會怎麼樣，愛麗絲很快的就把蛋糕整個吃完了。
2012年8月13日
愛麗絲夢遊仙境讀書會(二)
第二講
「畢竟，但丁瘋狂愛上碧翠絲時，她才九歲，一個耀目的小女孩，漂亮可愛且描眉畫眼，穿著絳紅袍服，配戴著珠寶，那是西元1274年的佛羅倫茲，在一個歡樂的五月私人宴會上發生的事。」
～《羅麗泰》，p23。
～《羅麗泰》，p23。
 |
| 嗯，到底有什麼東西？ |
先翻譯出來，明天再來補上討論。
1-4
In another moment down went Alice after it, never once considering how in the world she was to get out again.
壹之肆
隨後愛麗絲也跟著跳進洞裡了，不曾考慮要怎麼樣才能從這個洞裡再出來。
1-5
The rabbit-hole went straight on like a tunnel for some way, and then dipped suddenly down, so suddenly that Alice had not a moment to think about stopping herself before she found herself falling down what seemed to be a very deep well.
壹之伍
這個洞一開始像隧道一樣直直的往前延伸，然後忽然的往下。因為實在是太突然了，愛麗絲還來不及停下來腳步，就發現她已經掉進一個很深的井裡面了。
1-6
Either the well was very deep, or she fell very slowly, for she had plenty of time as she went down to look about her, and to wonder what was going to happen next. First, she tried to look down and make out what she was coming to, but it was too dark to see anything: then she looked at the sides of the well, and noticed that they were filled with cupboards and book-shelves: here and there she saw maps and pictures hung upon pegs. She took down a jar from one of the shelves as she passed: it was labelled “ORANGE MARMALADE,” but to her great disappointment it was empty; she did not like to drop the jar, for fear of killing somebody underneath, so managed to put it into one of the cupboards as she fell past it.
壹之陸
也許是因為井太深了，又也許是因為自己掉得太慢，所以在往下掉的時候，她有時間去看看身邊她邊有什麼東西，以及猜想即將會發生的事情。首先，她試著往下看，看看自己會掉到什麼地方去，可是底下是一片黑什麼也看不到；然後，她看看這個井的牆壁，注意到這個牆上塞滿了碗櫃和書櫃，以及掛在釘子上的地圖與圖片。她順手拿起一個寫著「橘子醬」的罐子，但卻是空的而讓她很失望。不過她並沒有把空罐子給丟了，因為她擔心這會把洞底下的人給砸死了，於是她想辦法把這個空罐子在她往下掉的過程中再把它放進一個什麼櫃子裡面。
哲學問題
從這一段開始完全就是愛麗絲一個人唱獨角戲。或者我們可以稱為「愛麗絲空中的沉思」。你可有想過這世上有個很深的井，然後你掉下去之後，那個墜落的時間長到你可以去想事情？
其實這是個很有趣的問題，因為依照自由落體的公式來看：
嗯？這是什麼意思呢？道吉森想要說什麼呢？我們知道道吉森是個大學數學講師，所以他的數學必定是相當高水準，牛頓運動定律對他而言就跟吃飯一樣是照三餐來處理的，所以這一段故事透露出道吉森想要教愛麗絲牛頓力學；但似乎又不僅僅是這樣；如果我們今天逆轉一下想法，「如果一直掉下去速度到達很快很快的時候會怎麼樣呢？」那我們可以說那時會接近光速，於是根據愛因斯坦狹義相對論的想法是：在接近光速移動時，觀測者察覺到的時間會變慢。於是會出現故事中所說的「也許是因為井太深了（導致速度很快），又也許是因為自己掉得太慢，所以在往下掉的時候，她有時間去看看身邊她邊有什麼東西」，在接近光速移動的時候，我們對於快跟慢的認識會變得模糊，以致於會覺得身邊的東西動的很慢。雖然只是短短的三句話，卻把狹義相對論對於光速移動的敘述給點了出來。但是狹義相對論正式發表的時候是1905年，愛麗絲夢遊仙境出版的時間是1865年，而愛因斯坦是1879年出生的，還比愛因斯坦出生早了14年，比相對論發表早了40年。我們不知道到底愛因斯坦有沒有受到《愛麗絲》的影響，但我們可以確定的是，愛因斯坦曾經說過：「想像力比知識重要。」或許就是在說保持一顆幻想的腦袋是一件多麼重要的事吧？
1-7
“Well!” thought Alice to herself. “After such a fall as this, I shall think nothing of tumbling down-stairs! How brave they’ll all think me at home! Why, I wouldn’t say anything about it, even if I fell off the top of the house!” (Which was very likely true.)
壹之柒
「我真是太強了！」愛麗絲心裡想：「我連這樣摔都沒事，那就算以後下樓梯的時候跌倒滾下來也沒什麼嘛！家裡的人都會說我膽子變大了呢！哼哼，那以後就算從屋頂上掉下來，我也不會吭一句的啊！」（這倒是很有可能呢）
1-8
Down, down, down. Would the fall never come to an end? “I wonder how many miles I’ve fallen by this time?” she said aloud. “I must be getting somewhere near the centre of the earth. Let me see: that would be four thousand miles down, I think—” (for, you see, Alice had learnt several things of this sort in her lessons in the school-room, and though this was not a verygood opportunity for showing off her knowledge, as there was no one to listen to her, still it was good practice to say it over) “—yes, that’s about the right distance—but then I wonder what Latitude or Longitude I’ve got to?” (Alice had no idea what Latitude was, or Longitude either, but thought they were nice grand words to say.)
壹之捌
一直掉一直掉，難道沒有終點嗎？「我想現在我已經掉了好幾哩吧？」愛麗絲大聲的說話「我想我一定到了地球中心的附近，讓我想想看：這一定有四千英哩（6427公里），…」（你看看，愛麗絲已經在學校課程的科目裡面學到了這些東西，雖然沒有人聽他說話，現在並不是表現她的知識的最佳時機，不過說說當做練習也好。）「嗯，沒錯，大概這就是正確的距離─但是，是在什麼鮪魚肚跟金魚肚的地方呢？」（愛麗絲對於什麼叫經度跟緯度根本沒有概念，她只是覺得這些詞聽起來很炫好像很有學問就拿出來隨便說說了。）
哲學問題
此外再補充一件事情，地球並不是一個完美的圓形，地球的半徑約6,357km到6,378km(≈3,950 - 3,963英里）之間，跟愛麗絲所說在學校學的4000英哩是差不多的。從這裡倒下一段我們可以看得出來道吉森想要教愛麗絲地理常識。就不知道當時的中國的清朝的學堂的小朋友在學些什麼呢？
補充一下1865年發生了哪些事，摘錄自維基條目：
- 4月15日——亞伯拉罕·林肯，美國總統，遭刺身亡。
- 5月18日——中國山東荷澤捻軍高樓寨之戰，殲滅清朝精銳7000兵，京師震驚 。
- 5月26日——美國南方邦聯軍全數投降，南北戰爭宣告結束。
- 9月20日－－由曾國藩規劃，李鴻章實際負責的江南機器製造總局成立。為晚清最重要的軍工廠，也是近代最早的新式工廠之一。（1862年，清朝開始辦新式學堂，當時是同治皇帝，也就是慈禧太后跟一群中央官員搞「同治」跟洋務運動的時代，同治似乎跟「共和」還有幾分相似呢…附帶一提，1864年太平天國滅亡。香港在1846年因為鴉片戰爭割讓給英國。）
- 10月4日——拿破崙三世同俾斯麥在比亞里茨會晤時，同意普魯士在德意志擁有至高無上的權力和成立一個統一的義大利。
- 12月18日——美國廢除奴隸制。
1-9
Presently she began again. “I wonder if I shall fall right through the earth! How funny it’ll seem to come out among the people that walk with their heads downwards! The antipathies, I think—” (she was rather glad there was no one listening, this time, as it didn’t sound at all the right word) “—but I shall have to ask them what the name of the country is, you know. Please, Ma’am, is this New Zealand? Or Australia?” (and she tried to curtsey as she spoke—fancy, curtseying as you’re falling through the air! Do you think you could manage it?) “And what an ignorant little girl she’ll think me for asking! No, it’ll never do to ask: perhaps I shall see it written up somewhere.”
壹之玖
過了一會，她又開始說了「我想我可能會穿過地球！好強喔！那我是不是會看到一些人頭在下面腳在上面的走路吧！那大概就叫做『電到』－」（這下她應該要高興的是這裡沒有人聽到她說話，因為她的用詞完全不正確。）「－不過我可能要問問他們的國家的名字。阿姨您好，請問這裏是紐西蘭呢？還是澳洲呢？」（他一邊說著一邊做出屈膝禮，不過在空中往下掉要怎麼做屈膝禮呢？你覺得她可以嗎？）「可是如果我這樣問的話一定會被當成智障的，怎麼會不知道自己在哪裡呢？」她想：「不，絕對不能這樣問。也許我會看到有個牌子寫著是哪裡吧！」
哲學問題
這裡有一個關於「相對」的問題：如果我們掉進一個洞裡面然後從地球的另一邊出來的話，那麼照理來說我們的腳會先出來，然後才是頭。那麼到底什麼是上面？什麼是下面呢？其實都是跟觀察者的主觀認知有關，在整個宇宙的尺度來看的話，上面跟下面其實是沒有意義的名詞。
此外如果我們從今天的英國開一個洞的話，穿過地心也不會達到今天的澳洲，愛麗絲會那麼說大概是因為當時在學校學到了關於澳洲的事情，覺得那大概是個像西藏一樣神祕又很炫的地方。澳洲早在18世紀末就成為英國的殖民地，並且從1829年開始將罪犯流放到澳洲的西部。
1-10
Down, down, down. There was nothing else to do, so Alice soon began talking again. “Dinah’ll miss me very much to-night, I should think!” (Dinah was the cat.) “I hope they’ll remember her saucer of milk at tea-time. Dinah, my dear! I wish you were down here with me! There are no mice in the air, I’m afraid, but you might catch a bat, and that’s very like a mouse, you know. But do cats eat bats, I wonder?”
壹之拾
一直掉一直掉，又是什麼事也不能做了。於是愛麗絲又開始咕噥了起來：「我想，黛娜今天晚上一定會很想我的！」（黛娜是愛麗絲養的貓）「我希望他們會在下午茶的時候幫黛娜準備一碟牛奶。喔，我的黛娜啊，我好希望你現在跟我在一起往下掉呢。不過我擔心在空中並沒有你愛的老鼠，但是在空中的動物有蝙蝠，蝙蝠長得很像老鼠，你可以抓蝙蝠，貓會吃蝙蝠嗎？」
哲學問題
1-11
And here Alice began to get rather sleepy, and went on saying to herself, in a dreamy sort of way, “Do cats eat bats? Do cats eat bats?” and sometimes “Do bats eat cats?”, for, you see, as she couldn’t answer either question, it didn’t much matter which way she put it. She felt that she was dozing off, and had just begun to dream that she was walking hand in hand with Dinah, and was saying to her, very earnestly, “Now, Dinah, tell me the truth: did you ever eat a bat?” when suddenly, thump! thump! down she came upon a heap of sticks and dry leaves, and the fall was over.
壹之拾壹
到這裡愛麗絲已經有點睏了。她還是一直自言自語，而且有點迷糊了。「貓吃蝙蝠嗎？貓吃蝙蝠嗎？」有時候就變成「蝙蝠吃貓嗎？」但你知道，這兩個問題她都回答不出來，所以怎麼問都沒有關係了。然後他就睡著了，而且還做夢：她夢見她和黛娜兩個手牽手散步，而且很認真的問她「黛娜，告訴我，你吃過蝙蝠嗎？」然後，忽然碰的一聲，她就掉在一堆乾枯的枝葉上，她總算掉到底了。
哲學問題
這裡出現了兩個問題。第一個問題叫做「貓吃蝙蝠嗎？」這是認識論的問題；第二個問題叫做「蝙蝠吃貓嗎？」這是一個語言的遊戲問題。小朋友常常會做這樣的事情，就是把一個句子的裡的主詞跟受詞互換，用來練習以及測試自己是否掌握了這些詞彙。我們可以這樣說，關於第二個問題沒有答案，因為那純粹是好玩。所以怎麼問都是沒有關係的。
而第二個問題也是小朋友常常玩的「想像的問題」。就好像你今天可以去問一個小朋友說：「火星人吃素嗎？」他們通常不會跟你說他們不知道，而會跟你矇一堆火星人到底吃不吃素或者他們吃不吃炸雞的理由出來，因為對於小朋友而言，事實是什麼並不重要，而是他們可以把他們知道的詞彙說出來他們覺得很好玩。當我們成為大人了以後，這樣的樂趣就喪失了，甚至還覺得說錯了很丟臉，成語裡面有句話叫做「童言無忌」只的就是這件事─小朋友根本就不清楚，他們說的東西到底意指什麼。
這就讓我想起了公孫龍的《指物》一開始就是這麼說的：
物莫非指，而指非指。天下間的東西都不過是個概念上的稱呼，但是稱呼並不就等同是那個所指的那個東西。公孫龍的文字即使在兩千年以後我們來讀還是很難懂。舉個例子來說，我們稱蘋果為「蘋果」，英文稱蘋果為「apple」，日本人稱之為「林檎」，我們的稱呼不同，但指的是同一個東西，所以我們不能夠說「蘋果」就是apple，因為這樣的說法不準確，因為他也可以是林檎或者是蘋果，我們只是使用了一個稱呼來指稱「那個東西」，而稱呼是隨時都可以替換的，稱呼跟「那個東西」的連結並不是必然的。公孫龍稱這個不必然性為「非指」。
但是小朋友對這個世界的想像並非全然依賴實在論以及必然性，他們根本不在乎觀念以及實在之間的必然性，只要給他們一點新名詞跟想像力他們就會玩的很開心。你可以用鬼的概念去嚇他們，你不用向他們證明他們就會認為鬼是真的，因為他們的想像力太驚人，而經驗卻非常貧乏，所以他們會去相信自己想出來的東西，也不會想要從經驗中去證明。因此小朋友非常會胡思亂想，在大人的眼光來看他們是胡思亂想，但對他們而言他們是在練習邏輯的使用以及抽象的非經驗性的哲學思考，這也就是兒童哲學研究的意義--了解兒童的邏輯方法以既抽象思考模型。
（第二講完）
2012年8月9日
愛麗絲夢遊仙境讀書會(一)
- 要在中文學界開創卡羅（愛麗絲的作者）學術研究之風。中文學界從來沒有嚴肅對待卡羅的著作，因為不懂，所以卡羅研究在中文學界是零存在。
- 要驗證卡羅可能是現代語言哲學的始祖
- 要讓中學生也能夠懂一點大學一年級的邏輯形式以及幫助大一的學生解除對邏輯的恐懼。
我的做法是這樣：我除了介紹這本書以外，我也一併翻譯英文的愛麗絲夢遊仙境並提供中英對照做為閱讀文本上的參考。會那麼做實在是因為這本書有太多英文的梗，它的趣味用中文讀不出來，所以也非得那麼做不可了。在翻譯上我參考了晨星版的中譯本，但有更多的是我自己的解讀，並且，為了揣摩原作的趣味性，我在不更動原著的關鍵詞、邏輯關係的前提下，在翻譯的時候我將適度的加入我自己的腦補和潤飾。
本讀書會計畫在一個月以內完成愛麗絲夢遊仙境第一集的翻譯和哲學問題的討論。
本讀書會參考書目有：《》
- 維基百科條目
- 英文版維基百科條目
- 《 兒童哲學》，劉仲容等編著，國立空中大學，2011年1月。
- 飛越愛麗絲，黃盛著，2012年6月。
- 《 誰說沒人用筷子喝湯 》-大人必修的20堂兒童哲學課，楊茂秀著，遠流出版。
- 愛麗絲夢遊仙境，李漢昭譯，晨星出版，2002年8月。
- 羅麗泰(Lolita)，Vladimir Navokov著，黃秀惠譯，先覺出版，2008年7月。
- 維基文獻
- http://www.literature.org/authors/carroll-lewis/alices-adventures-in-wonderland/index.html
- 剝洋蔥的部落格http://blog.roodo.com/lucialucy/archives/8837301.html
- http://web.nchu.edu.tw/~fionaliu/?cid=4&aid=3
- 其他的遇到了會再補上
關於作者
查爾斯·路特維奇·道奇森（英語：Charles Lutwidge Dodgson，1832年1月27日－1898年1月14日），筆名路易斯·卡羅（Lewis Carroll），英國作家、數學家、邏輯學家、攝影家，以兒童文學作品《愛麗絲夢遊仙境》與其續集《愛麗絲鏡中奇遇》而聞名於世。 1854年，他受聘為牛津大學基督學院的研究員。1856--1881年，他升任為數學講師。不過，由於他天生口吃，影響了他的教學能力，想當然爾也影響了他的社交狀況，或許也可以用來解釋為什麼他喜歡親近兒童而且也以兒童文學作品聞名於世。道奇森一生都沒有結婚。 |
| 你說什麼? 蘿莉控? |
關於本書《愛麗絲夢遊仙境》
《愛麗絲夢遊仙境》於1865年出版。故事原形乃是1862年7月4日，作者與魯賓遜·達克華斯(Reverend Robinson Duckworth)及三位女孩於泰晤士河(River Thames)同遊。三位女孩當中，有一位名叫愛麗絲·李德爾(Alice Liddell)；她們的父親正是兼任牛津大學副校長、Christ Church教長及威斯敏斯特學校(Westminster School)校長的亨利·喬治·李德爾(Henry George Liddell)。他們由牛津附近的Folly Bridge開始，划船到五哩外一條名叫Godstow的村莊。途中，他們為了消磨時間，道奇森就在船上向三位女孩講了一個應她們要求「越荒誕越好」的幻想冒險故事，而故事的主角正好就是他最疼愛的三姊妹之中的二女兒愛麗絲·李德爾。 三位女孩都很喜歡這個奇妙的故事，事後同船的友人，以及與故事主角同名的愛麗絲·李德爾更希望道奇森能把故事寫下來。道奇森雖然當晚就把故事記錄下來，但之後又拖延超過二年，增補新情節與多首詩，才終於完成該作品。他於1864年11月26日把手寫原稿連同親手繪畫的插圖，一併送給愛麗絲·李德爾。最初，他的原稿命名為《愛麗絲地底之旅》。
道奇森將原稿送予愛麗絲以前，已經將其由15,500字擴展至25,500字字，並準備將作品發佈；其中，他花了大量筆墨於柴郡貓(Cheshire Cat)及瘋狂下午茶(A Mad Tea Party)等章節。他亦與負責插畫的政治諷刺漫畫家約翰·田尼爾(John Tenniel)密切合作，於1856年，他終於以筆名路易斯·卡羅(Lewis Carroll)出版《愛麗絲夢遊仙境》。本書出版時，愛麗絲本人十一歲，道奇森三十二歲。
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儘管一開始評論家給予的評價普遍不佳，稱之為「毫無條理、一群怪人的瘋人瘋語」，但《愛麗絲夢遊仙境》的故事卻意外大受歡迎，其天馬行空、奇想天外的劇情，以及令人拍案的雙關語、諧音語言遊戲，多首惡搞當代著名鵝媽媽童謠或詩歌的胡鬧詩(nonsense verse)，讓它很快便廣受喜愛，就連當時的維多利亞女王(Queen Victoria)都是它的狂迷，而出版社當然忙著加印。至今，《愛麗絲夢遊仙境》已經被翻譯成125種語言，版次過百。這童話自1865年出版以來，一直深受不同年紀的讀者愛戴，相信是由於作者巧妙地運用不合邏輯的跳躍方式去鋪排故事。《愛麗絲夢遊仙境》是一個典型「不合理文學」的例子，亦是其中一個最具影響力的童話故事。
《愛麗絲鏡中奇遇》，也就是《愛麗絲夢遊仙境》的第二集，在七年後出版。從邏輯編排的角度來看，第二集寫的比第一集更好，原因可能是因為第一集是野餐時候的臨時創作，後來才應愛麗絲的要求才斷斷續續的接起來；但第二集卻是在第一集完成之後，經過數年的醞釀和安排，在1782年才完成的結構嚴謹的作品。
《愛麗絲夢遊仙境》
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
原文的部分將以斜體表示，數字是段落的編號。編號的方式模仿聖經的方法，也就是「第X章第Y節第Z段」表示為「X－Ｙ：Ｚ」。我自己在翻譯的時候加入的個人風格的詞句，不會附上其他標計，我以不同的顏色來區分段落並且用來對照中英文的翻譯。在每一節的後面，我們來聊聊關於哲學的部分；此外，我會在每一節開始的時候，附上一段「羅麗泰」的句子，增加趣味性，至於各位看官要怎麼解讀，那是你們的事情。我們在閱讀《愛麗絲夢遊仙境》的時候，有兩個觀念是很重要的，必須一直把這些前提放在腦袋裡面：
- 愛莉絲是個十歲的小女孩。不論在故事中或是現實中都是。也就是大約小學三年級，既不能算是幼兒，也不算是青春期的年紀。腦袋空空，說話粗鄙，好奇心強烈而無知，用現在的話來說，就是「小屁孩」。
- 《愛麗絲夢遊仙境》是作者做給小朋友聽的故事，很多邏輯上的錯誤或者詭計並不是因為它們是謊言或者有意的欺騙，而是用來「哄小孩」的話術。
- 本書當中透露出一些訊息：這些創作出來的文字裡面，有些是作者卡羅以一個成人學者的角度的想法，有些看起更像是愛麗絲本人自己的想法而卡羅保留了愛麗絲這些幼稚的觀點直接把他寫進去了，使得這本書與其說是作者卡羅的作品，倒不如說是作者與愛麗絲的共同創作。 於是本書當中有很多看起來互相矛盾甚至不太通順的地方，其實他的目的是要和愛麗絲進行「對話」。我們在閱讀的時候不要忘記，這本書創作的初衷本來就是「給愛麗絲」。
第一章 掉進兔子洞
Chapter I: Down the Rabbit Hole
「現在我想要引介下述的理念：在某些被蠱惑的旅人眼中，有些九至十四歲的少女看起來要比實際年齡大兩倍或者更多，顯示出它們非人類的、妖邪的真實本性。對這些特選的尤物，我建議命名為『小妖精』(nymphet)。」
～《羅麗泰》，p19。
1-1
又是一個適合白日夢的天氣。天很藍，雲朵很柔軟，風很暖和。
在一條清澈的河岸邊，愛麗絲坐在他姊姊的身邊，沒什麼事可做，實在是無聊的發慌了。她偷偷的瞄了一兩眼她姐姐在看的書，可是那上面既沒有圖片也沒有對話。「啊，」她心想「既沒有圖片，也沒有對話，那有什麼屁用呢？」
《》Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, “and what is the use of a book,” thought Alice, “without pictures or conversations?”壹之壹
又是一個適合白日夢的天氣。天很藍，雲朵很柔軟，風很暖和。
在一條清澈的河岸邊，愛麗絲坐在他姊姊的身邊，沒什麼事可做，實在是無聊的發慌了。她偷偷的瞄了一兩眼她姐姐在看的書，可是那上面既沒有圖片也沒有對話。「啊，」她心想「既沒有圖片，也沒有對話，那有什麼屁用呢？」
哲學問題
《論語，陽貨》
子曰：「飽食終日，無所用心，難矣哉！不有博弈者乎，為之猶賢乎已。」
--整天吃飽了飯，什麽都不想，這種人我真拿他沒辦法啊！不是可以下棋的嗎？下下棋，總比什麽都不做要好。
「好無聊」是小朋友最常說的話，甚至，成年人也會常常把這種話掛在嘴邊。無聊了能幹嘛呢？看看書吧，打打電動吧，成人的世界應該還有更多可做的事情(奸笑)。一般而言呢，依照小朋友的小腦袋，他並不會想到那麼多，他能想到的，最多就是眼前的事情，手邊的事情，以及曾經做過的事情。但是呢，按照我國教育上的習慣而言，小朋友無聊的時候，我們總是會叫他「看書」，但你豈知孔子卻教導我們應該去「下棋」?這裡所謂「博弈」並不單單指下棋而已，而可以泛指「遊戲」，而遊戲正是小朋友認識這個世界的重要方式，我們隨著故事得前近將會發現，遊戲以及「反覆的遊戲」就是愛麗絲在夢境中探險的方法，關於遊戲這件事，是本書的一個很重要的概念，我會在往後的章節有更多的討論。在這裡呢，我們似乎已經注意到，作者一開始的時候，就是以小孩的立場在敘述心情，而不是像《名偵探柯南》裡的江戶川柯南那樣「外表看似小孩智慧卻過於常人」般的全知全能，透過推理來尋求真相。正確的說呢，我們大概已經被日漫中的少年形象洗腦已久，很難不再用超齡的眼光來要求小朋友了。試試看，在往下的故事當中，我們用愛麗絲來對比江戶川柯南，或許可以發覺我們是如何不能理解愛麗絲，以及我們腦袋裡那個根深蒂固的偏見？
1-2
So she was considering, in her own mind (as well as she could, for the hot day made her feel very sleepy and stupid), whether the pleasure of making a daisy-chain would be worth the trouble of getting up and picking the daisies, when suddenly a White Rabbit with pink eyes ran close by her.於是她開始很認真的在轉她的腦袋（不過可能因為天氣熱的關係，她很想睡而且腦袋很迷糊了），她是否應該花點力氣撿起一些雛菊花做成花環呢？做花環好玩嗎？但是去摘花又覺得懶洋洋的。恍兮忽兮，忽然，這時，有一隻粉紅色眼睛的白色兔子，從她身邊跳了過去。
哲學問題
我們終於看見愛麗絲動腦袋了，但想的全是一些沒有意義的事情。對，她是愛麗絲，不是柯南。
1-3
There was nothing so very remarkable in that; nor did Alice think it so very much out of the way to hear the Rabbit say to itself “Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be too late!” (when she thought it over afterwards, it occurred to her that she ought to have wondered at this, but at the time it all seemed quite natural); but when the Rabbit actually took a watch out of its waistcoat-pocket, and looked at it, and then hurried on, Alice started to her feet, for it flashed across her mind that she had never before seen a rabbit with either a waistcoat-pocket, or a watch to take out of it, and, burning with curiosity, she ran across the field after it, and was just in time to see it pop down a large rabbit-hole under the hedge.
壹之叁
這並不值得什麼大驚小怪；即使愛麗絲聽見了兔子說了「啊幹我要遲到了！」她也不覺得有什麼好奇怪的（事後想想，這還真的不太尋常，兔子怎麼說起人話了呢？不過當時一切都是那麼的無違和感，一切都那麼的理所當然） 。就在這時，兔子停了下來，從背心口袋裡掏出一只錶，看了看，然後又匆匆的跑掉了。愛麗絲動起身來追了過去，因為她從沒見過兔子穿著背心，還能從背心的口袋裡拿出一隻錶的。這真是激起了她熊熊的好奇心。她跟著兔子穿過了一片田野，然後剛好看見兔子鑽進了一個灌木叢下的大洞裡。
哲學問題
《》這裡有件事情很值得討論：我們的作者卡羅他為什麼要這樣寫？他在括號中的敘述是想要表達什麼想法？什麼叫做理所當然（natural）？那不理所當然是什麼意思呢？
要回答這個問題，我們得先想像一下自己是個十歲的小朋友，我們會讀些什麼東西，聽些什麼故事？大概就是一些童話故事或者寓言，這些寫給小朋友的讀物有一個特色就是：它們的登場角色通常是動物，而且這些動物都會說話，在這些故事當中，動物會說話是理所當然的，從來不會去質疑它們。如果今天《愛麗絲》這本書，它真的只是做為一個單純的童書的話，他大可像這樣寫：「一個寧靜舒爽的早晨，愛麗絲昏昏欲睡，然後，有隻兔子跟她說話了....」我們不需要去懷疑什麼是理所當然，為什麼動物會說話，因為這只是一本童書。但是《愛麗絲》這本書創作的動機是不單純的，她是想讓愛麗絲去思考一些什麼，對於現實，對於夢境，更說得更明白點就是想引導愛麗絲進行哲學思考，而思考的第一步就是懷疑。
然而我們故事中的愛麗絲並沒有托著下巴開始沉思，驅使他執行下一個動作的力量是好奇，這也是哲學的第二個特徵。在《兒童哲學》是這麼說的：
一般而言，思考活動的進行必先使於無知，由於思考者肯以開放的心胸去陳認自己的無知或知識的不足，因此面對人世間的萬事萬物，總會有一股新鮮、被常常強烈的激起，而伴隨驚奇所所衍生出的種種疑惑：「這是什麼？」「怎麼會這樣？」.....於是，愛麗絲的冒險就從這裡展開了！我們將會在往後的章節發現，愛麗絲的「仙境」，就是他的小小腦袋的哲學迷宮！
需要一提的是，這樣思考的發展架構，在兒童面對世界的感應中表現的最為直接與完整，兒童的好奇、多問、不加掩飾自己的無知亦最能凸顯思考探就的深刻意味。
（第一講完）
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